Circumcision What Does It Matter - 1289 Words

Circumcision: What does it matter? Paul closes this passage by detailing the most basic of Jewish law observances – circumcision. Paul argues that if one claims observance to this ritual but breaks the law, it does not matter in his relationship with God because his physical circumcision holds no weight accept for culturally. In verse 25-29, he notes that obedience to the law is not a physical act, but one of the heart, which sets apart a person to God. The act of saying one thing and doing another does not depict a life that is truth based and this was the action of the Jews under the Law. This is the problem with the Law. Ultimately, â€Å"it demands more conformity to outward regulations.† It is an inward, Spirit-led significance that defines the honor and praise of God since it is not outwardly recognized and praised by men. Paul defends the position that the law cannot bring man to righteousness nor can anything outside of inward recognition of God. Ladd op ines, â€Å"The reason why the law cannot make sinful men righteous is that it is an external code, whereas the sinful hearts of men need a transforming inward power. The Law is a written code, not a life imparted by God’s Spirit (Rom. 7:23).† All people are subject to judgement as we will see in the next passage. Finding Favor with God (Rom. 3:21-31) Paul’s letter to the Roman church has absolutely challenged the Jewish way of thinking that has existed for over 2000 years before the life, death, and resurrection ofShow MoreRelatedEthical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice1473 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Professor  Ovidio  Viera Florida National University Circumcision...Is it an issue? Explore the human and ethical issues surrounding circumcision. Is this a medical right or a human rights issue? Why are people so against it...why are some so for it? What is the role of the nurse in relations to an ethical dilemma involving circumcision? In this paper will be talking about predominantly male circumcision. Circumcision is the oldest optional surgical procedure known to human kind andRead MoreHow Does Aristotle Address The Issue Of Individual Rights And The Freedom Of Choose?940 Words   |  4 PagesQUESTION #1: In Episode #10, how does Aristotle address the issue of individual rights and the freedom to choose? In Episode #10, Aristotle addresses the issue of individual rights and the freedom to choose. Aristotle believed that in order to allocate rights, one must first have to figure out the purpose or end of the social practice at question (Sandel, 2009). For example, people can debate and resolve the question at hand. After, one must look at justice as its matter of fit, by fitting personsRead MoreWhy Arent Jewish Women Circumcised? by Shayne J.D. Cohen1326 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion in a number of different and unique ways. He writes this book in hopes to inform and educate the curious mind such as scholars and lay people. Furthermore, he states that â€Å"In this book I am interested not only in the history of Jewish circumcision but also, and perhaps even more so, in the history of Jewishness.† (Cohen, pg.xii) In other words, Cohen not only presents the reader with the history of the question, but also the history of the Jews and Christians. Overall, Shayne J. D. CohenRe ad MoreThe Circumcision Of Male Circumcision1445 Words   |  6 Pages It saddens and almost scares me that we have become so desensitized to the thought of male circumcision of newborns. In reality it is a very horrendous unnecessary procedure that is far too over looked. Majority of the world do not participate in the circumcision of male newborns and deem it unnecessary. I believe this barbaric practice should be stopped. Hopefully in the next few decades’ circumcision will ultimately no longer be the decision of parents in the US, unless deemed medically necessaryRead MoreEthics : Discovering Right And Wrong1331 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyze the favor of moral objectivism and the rejection of ethical relativism. According to Pojman, â€Å"Ethical relativism holds that moral rightness and wrongness of actions varies from society to society or individual to individual.† (p.19) That is, what is considered right in one society, might be considered wrong in another so ciety (Diversity thesis). One should not judge because there are no universal moral principles. As a result, this theory avoids ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s cultureRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Schaap s Mom Why Did You Circumcise Me961 Words   |  4 PagesThe film, Mom, Why Did You Circumcise Me, the narrator, Michael Schaap, explores the conversation of MC (male circumcision) within his community. Schaap initiates the discussion by speaking to the cultural aspects and traditions of why MC may occur as well as the medical implications and the sometimes involuntary occurrences of the practice. Schaap’s clear argument -as it pertains to MC- is stated at the beginning of the film. But before we dig into his perspective, let s understand the types ofRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation Or Circumcision?1711 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction What is female genital mutilation or circumcision? According to the World Health Organization, it comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. (WHO, 2014). It is recognized as violation of human rights for young girls and women. The procedure creates inequality between sexes and to the extreme it is discriminatory against women. There are four types of FMG. TypeRead MoreClitoridectomy in Sudan1698 Words   |  7 Pagesclitoridectomy a way to control women’s sexuality or does the idea of being pure and modest over rule the violation of human rights? In recent colonial history, Sudan was jointly ruled by England and Egypt. In 1946 a British law forbade all forms of female sexual mutilation. This law proved not only ineffectual, but actually caused a political backlash under the leadership of Mahmud Mohammad Taha against colonial control Societies and Circumcision Why do societies permit and promote actions thatRead MoreWho Is The Holy Spirit?861 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism but instead Judaism has died and now we can all get ‘remarried’ to Christianity. He says that there are new laws and you will not know about them until you learn them. It says that the spirit of Christ lives in you. I wonder how one knows if It does or not. In Sunday school the teachers said if you ask then the holy spirit will be in there. As a small child and up into this day I cannot say I feel any different than I did as a child. I do not speck in tongues, I do not have a voice in my headRead MoreEssay on FGM: Female Genital Mutilation Must be Outlawed Worldwide1456 Words   |  6 Pageswoman, no matter what the motive is. Some girls go through FGM procedures at a young age to calm their fathers’ nerves and others undergo the procedures so she won’t stray from her husband. In Egypt, 97 percent of women have undergone a Female Circumcision procedure sometime in their lives while only 82 percent approve of it. An Indonesian study showed that midwives performed from about 68 to 88 percent of all procedures (Skaine 42). Most of the time, girls that receive a Female Circumcision don’t even

Essay on Module 3 Original Assignment - 1473 Words

In recent years, it has become an increasingly popular practice for drug companies to perform their clinical testing of new drugs in foreign countries that might not have the consumer protections or product liability laws present in the United States. Please answer each of the following questions using a theory studied in Module 2 specifically and thoroughly and using examples and facts from the readings and resources. 1. Are drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries acting ethically? Drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries are not acting ethically. Testing of experimental drugs should be done in the host country where the drugs are being manufactured. A major ethical dilemma that is†¦show more content†¦In a way yes, clinical trials could help the medical world and patients, but are the consequences and side effects of these trials worth the risk? In the article stated above, Netto states although clinical trials are supposed to follow specific guidelines, but â€Å"these official guidelines are not binding and enforcement is lax.† This shows that some consequences are not being considered when being acted on. I think the utilitarian would question the idea of are these clinical trials worth potential harm to the people of the society. 2. is American industry at too much risk of lawsuits to remain competitive? Should companies trying to develop drugs be given immunity from lawsuits? No, I do not believe that American industry is at too much risk of lawsuits to remain competitive. Lawsuits are going to present everywhere no matter what the circumstances are. American industry must accept the fact that what they are doing can cause some harm to people of the society and law suits are what is going to come out of it. I do not think though that these drug companies should have immunity from lawsuits. In the article titled â€Å"Supreme Courts Hears Case on Vaccine Lawsuits,† it details how because of some side effects that vaccines have caused certain complications after the vaccine was given. It states that these cases could â€Å"open the floodgates to thousands of lawsuits.† It is the drug companies’Show MoreRelatedModule 3 Original Discussion Assignment V Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Business Ethics Vernina Ali Module 3 Original Discussion Assignment In recent years, it has become an increasingly popular practice for drug companies to perform their clinical testing of new drugs in foreign countries that might not have the consumer protections or product liability laws present in the United States. Are drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries acting ethically? Drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries are acting unethically. 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To verify my results and determine how the stations should be arranged I used POM for Windows Assembly Line Balancing Module. The results from POM are attached. In summary I recommend that station 1 will have Task A. Station 2 will have Tasks B and C. Station 3 will have Task D. Station for will have Tasks F, E, and G. Station 5 will have Task H. a. A copy of the output from POM is attached as part A. i. I chose this toolRead MoreTeacher Essay examples937 Words   |  4 PagesStatCrunch Assignment 2 First save this file to your computer. Answer each of the following questions, then resave the file along with your answers and turn it in using the assignment link in Module 3, Activity 4. the first four problems are worth 10 points each. Problems 5 and 6 are worth 30 points each. 1. If the original sample is 48, 55, 43, 61, 39, which of the following would not be a possible bootstrap sample? 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Law Case Study Wholesome Vegetables Ltd Free Essays

string(65) " into voluntarily and involved ‘a genuine meeting of minds’\." INTRODUCTION A contract has been defined as a legally binding agreement or, in the words of Sir Frederick Pollock: ‘A promise or set of promises which the law will enforce’. However, not all promises or agreements give rise to contracts. According to the case study, Andrew, who works as a salesman at Wholesome Vegetables Ltd, offering to sell Ben 100 bags of potatoes at ? 10 per bag. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Case Study Wholesome Vegetables Ltd or any similar topic only for you Order Now At first Ben accepted Andrew’s offer but when he heard the news about a slump in the price of potatoes which has fallen to ? 7 per bag, he refuses to accept delivery of Andrew’s pricey potatoes. Therefore there are some issues discussed based on this situation. The discussion includes the requirements that must be met for a contract to exist between Andrew and Ben, the legal effect of Andrew’s fax and Ben’s letter and the explanation of Ben’s text message. QUESTION 1 A contract has many definitions, but one of the simplest definitions for a contract is a â€Å"promise enforceable by law† (Michael. H, 2010). The promise may be to do something or to refrain from doing something. The making of a contract requires the mutual assent (agreement) of two or more person, one of them normally making an offer and the other accepting it. If one of the parties (persons) fails to keep his or her promise, the other is entitled to legal recourse against that person. There are seven requirements necessary for a contract to be valid (Riches. S,2009): 1. Agreement The first requisite of any contract is an agreement. At least two parties are required; one of them, the offeror, makes an offer which the other, the offeree, accepts. In this case, Andrew is the offeror and the offeree is Ben. 2. 1 Offer An offer is an expression of willingness to contract made with an intention that it shall become binding on the offeror as soon as it is accepted by the offeree. A genuine offer is different from what is known as an â€Å"invitation to treat†, i. e. where a party is merely inviting offers, which he is then free to accept or reject. The following are examples of invitation to treat: auction, display of goods, advertisements, mere statements of price and tenders. An offer can be terminated by acceptance, rejection, revocation, counter offer, lapse of time, failure of a condition and death. 2. 2 Acceptance Once the presence of a valid offer has been established, the next stage in the information of an agreement is to find an acceptance of that offer. The acceptance must be made while the offer is still open. It must be absolute and unqualified. 2. Consideration The mere fact of agreement alone does not make a contract. Both parties to the contract must provide consideration if they wish to sue on the contract. This means that each side must promise to give or do something for the other. 3. 3 Executory consideration Consideration is called â€Å"executory† where there is an exchange of promises to perform acts in the future, eg a bilateral contract for the supply of goods whereby A promises to deliver goods to B at a future date and B promises to pay on delivery. If A does not deliver them, this is a breach of contract and B can sue. If A delivers the goods his consideration then becomes executed. 3. 4 Executed consideration If one party makes a promise in exchange for an act by the other party, when that act is completed, it is executed consideration, eg in a unilateral contract where A offers ? 50 reward for the return of her lost handbag, if B finds the bag and returns it, B’s consideration is executed. There are some rules governed in consideration. Consideration must not be in the past. If one party voluntarily performs an act, and the other party then makes a promise, the consideration for the promise is said to be in the past. Past consideration is regarded as no consideration at all. Consideration must move from the promise. If A (the promisor) makes a promise to B (the promise), the promise will only be enforceable (unless made in the form of a deed) if B can show that he has provided consideration in return for A’ promise. Consideration must not be illegal. The courts will not entertain an action where the consideration is contrary to a rule of law or is immoral. Consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate. It must be possible to attach some value to the consideration but there is no requirement for the bargain to be strictly commercial. . Intention The parties must intend the agreement to be legally binding. The nearest the courts can get to discover this intention is to apply an objective test and judge the situation by what was said and done. The law divides agreements into two groups, social ; domestic agreements and business agreements. 4. Form Some contracts are indeed in writ ing but the majority are created much more informally either orally or implied from conduct. Generally, the law does not require complex formalities to be observed to form a contract. Some types of contracts which are exceptions to this rule. They are contracts which must be in the form of a deed, contracts which must be in writing and contracts and contracts which must be evidenced in writing. 5. Capacity Capacity is also one of the requirements for a contract to be valid. The parties must be legally capable of entering into a contract. There are, however, some groups of people who are in need of the law’s protection either because of their age or inability to appreciate their own actions. The groups which are covered bu special rules are those under the age of 18 (minors), mental patients and drunks. . Genuineness of consent The most basic requirement of a contract is the presence of an agreement. It must have been entered into voluntarily and involved ‘a genuine meeting of minds’. You read "Law Case Study Wholesome Vegetables Ltd" in category "Free Case study samples" The agreement may be invalidated by a number of factors which are mistake, misrepresentation, duress and undue influence. 7. Legality The principle of freedom of contract is subject to a basic rule that the courts will not uphold an agreement which is illegal or contrary to public policy. Where the contract involves some kind of moral wrongdoing, it will be illegal. If, however, the conduct is neither immoral nor blameworthy, but simply undesirable, the contract will be void. A court may object to an agreement either because of a rule of common law or because it is contrary to statute. In a nut shell, all the requirements stated above must be met for a contract to exist between Andrew and Ben. Question 2 In the case study given, Andrew’s letter on the 21st February is considered as an offer in the law of contract. An offer is an expression of willingness to contract made with the intention that it shall become binding on the offeror as soon as it is accepted by the offeree. It is clearly stated that its an offer when Andrew wrote a letter to Ben, owner of the retail shop offering to sell him 100 bags of potatoes at 10 per bag. This is also known as a bilateral contract in the law of contract. An example to exemplify this case (Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball). Ben’s reply on the 23rd February is acceptance. He replied accepting Andrew’s offer but adding that if he did not hear from Andrew, he would assume that the price included delivery to his (Ben’s) shop. On the 24th February, the acceptance to be considered as an counter-offer introducing the new requirements. If in his reply to an offer, the offeree introduces a new term or varies the terms of the offer, then that reply cannot amount to an acceptance. Instead, the reply is treated as a â€Å"counter offer†, which the original offeror is free to accept or reject. A counter-offer also amounts to a rejection of the original offer which cannot then be subsequently accepted. This can be seen in the case of ( Hyde v Wrench). Based on the case given, on the 24th February, before Ben’s letter arrived. Andrew heard a rumour that the price of potatoes was about to slump dramatically. Andrew immediately sent a fax to Ben, stating that the price includes delivery. This is merely counter offering the previous offer. Therefore, when Ben also heard the news about the slump in the price of potatoes where upon he sent Andrew a text message stating ‘decline your offer of pots’ clearly shows that he varies the terms of the offer and it cannot amount to an acceptance. A counter-offer should be distinguished from a mere request for information. If A makes an offer on his standard document and B accepts on a document containing his conflicting standard terms, a contract will be made on B’s terms if A acts upon B’s communication, example by delivering goods. This situation is known as the â€Å"battle of the forms†. An example to this is the case of (Stevenson v Mc Lean). Wrapping up the case, in the case of Andrew v Ben, it is undoubtedly seen that counter-offer takes place and hence Ben’s is competent to reject the delivery of Andrew’s pricey potatoes. Question 3 On 24 February before 10 a. m, Andrew heard rumors about the price drop in potatoes market. He immediately send a fax to Ben stating that â€Å"price include delivery†. This shows that offeror had sent a fax to offeree just to provide additional service without extra charges. As Ben already accept the offer on 23 February, and the offer is now ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee with extra service provide. The contract is still accepted by Ben and just added additional services which show in fax â€Å"price include delivery† as additional contract terms confirm that Andrew will provide ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee. Even if offeree does not want to accept additional terms from offerer, offeree is still in a previous contract position which is accepting the contract. On 24 February after 10 a. m, Ben had receive a fax from Andrew which stated that â€Å"price include delivery†. Ben accepts the offer of Andrew for ? 10 per bag of potatoes includes delivery, and so Ben posted a letter to confirm his acceptance of Andrew terms. When a letter is posted, the acceptance of the contract is consider accepted. According to Postal Acceptance Rules, once the letter is posted, it is consider as acceptance no matter it reached the offeror or not at that time (Duhaime, n. d. ). There is a similar case of Postal Acceptance Rule: Household Fire Insurance Co. V. Grant. During 30 September 1874, Grant had applied for 100 shares from Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Company Ltd. The company had accepted Grant offer and allotted him 100 shares on 20 October 1874 which using letter posted the confirmation to Grant address. However, the letter does not reach Grant address which means Grant did not receive the acceptance letter from Household Fire Insurance Company. Grant though that his offer for 100 shares has not been approved. On March 1877, Grant received a letter demanding payment upon the call of 100 shares. The jury also found that the letter of Grant allotment had been posted on 20 October 1874. For the above case Fire Insurance Co. V. Grant, the court concluded that there was a valid contract base on the Postal Acceptance Rule. Because the rule for post is the acceptance is effective even if the letter did not arrive to the parties. The Postal Acceptance Rule is design to prevent anyone try to opt out of the rule, once someone posted acceptance, the contract had came into effect. This rule can apply to Ben and Andrew case, which Ben posted a letter which confirms the acceptance of the contract terms between Andrew and Ben. Which means once the offeree posted the acceptance letter, the contract is consider bound to the offerer. However, over the lunch time, Ben also heard news about the slump price in potatoes market. Ben immediately sends a text message stating that â€Å"decline your offer of pots† to Andrew. This means that after Ben knew about the slump price in potatoes, he send text message to Andrew to reject his offer. This text message is come secondly after the letter posted. According to Postal Acceptance Rule the counter acceptance or rejection will only be replace if the parties mention it from their contract, required receive by offeror in order to be treat as acceptance (Corrigan, 1997). There is a similar case of replace acceptance â€Å"Entores V. Miles Far East Corp†. Entores and Miles Far East Corp are communicated trade agreements through Telex machine. Entores was base in London and send telex for purchase of copper from company Miles Far East Corp base in Amsterdam. Entores found out that Miles Far East Corp was not fulfilled the contract and sue the Corp for damages. Entores sue Miles Far East Corp for breach of contract in English law jurisdiction. It could prove that the contract was formed within the jurisdiction. The court concluded that, when offer is made by telex or text message, the offeror must receive the acceptance. If the offeror is receiving the telex, it is consider contract is bound. This same goes to the letter of Ben post, even if the letter is not reached Andrew, the contract of acceptance is considered to be bound. The text message send by Ben afterward is decide by Andrew either to be accept or to be reject the rejection from Ben. The contract of Ben and Andrew is still ? 10 per bag of potatoes includes delivery is already accepted by Ben. According to Ben and Andrew case, when the price of potatoes drop to ? 7 per bag, Andrew immediately counter offer to Ben include delivery, Ben accept Andrew terms before knowing the price drop in Potatoes. After that, Ben realise the price drop of potatoes, he reject the offer and refuse to accept delivery of Andrew pricey potatoes. If offeree refuses to accept the delivery of offerer pricey potatoes, offeree will be breaching the contract terms and fall under offer acceptance law case. As the contract of Ben and Andrew is ? 10 per bag of potatoes include delivery which is accepted by Ben. The contract is still active between Ben and Andrew, once the contract is bind between offeror and offeree is not able to revoke. The following rejection by text message from Ben to Andrew is considered as another term of new offer contract which needed Andrew to be accepting. However, Andrew didn’t reply the acceptance of Ben rejection. This means that, Ben have to stick to the first terms of ? 10 per bag of potatoes include delivery. If the case is bring to the court, mostly Andrew will win the case as according to the contract terms, Ben already accept the offer of ? 0 per bag of potatoes include delivery. The offeree (Ben) had accepted the offer at first and the counter rejection of offeree will not be taken in place if the offeror (Andrew) did not want to accept the rejection from offeree. If the offeror (Andrew) did not accept the counter rejection, it consider as Ben accept the offer and need to purchase ? 10 per bag of potatoes include delivery from Andrew for 100 bags . If Ben is still refuse to accept the Andrew offer, Ben will need to pay compensation to Andrew for breach of contract. Question 4 On 21st of February, Andrew is salesman at Wholesome Vegetables Ltd, who offered to sell 100 bags of potatoes at ? 10 to Ben, owner of retail shop. On 23rd of February, Ben replied accepting Andrew’s offer but adding the delivery to his (Ben’s) shop into the price if he did not hear from Andrew. It means the price of potatoes is ? 10 per bag included delivery. On 24th of February, Andrew heard that the price of potatoes is going to fall down dramatically and later Ben is received a fax from Andrew stated that â€Å"price include delivery†. Before 10 a. m, Ben received Andrew’s fax and he accepted the offer of Andrew for ? 0 per bag of potatoes included delivery. After Ben sent a fax to Andrew about his acceptance, both of them already formed a contract of law. The issue appeared in this case when Ben knew about a slump in the price of potatoes over lunch, he sent Andrew a text message â€Å"decline your offer of pots† and he was too late to revoke h is acceptance of Andrew’s term because they already made a contract after 10 a. m on 24th of February. The reason Ben wanted to revoke the contract because the price of potatoes in contract that Ben have to pay for Andrew is more expensive than after a slump in the price. Revocation is effective when it is communicated to the offeree before he or she has accepted the offer (Will and Weinstein, 2010) Revocation is one of termination of contract that has similar situation in this case: Byrne and Leon van Tienhoven [1880]. On 1st of October, Leon Van Tienhoven were defendants located in Cardiff, they sent a letter from their office to Byrne ; Co in New York offering to sell the plaintiffs 1,000 boxes of tin plates. On 11th of October, the plaintiffs immediately telegraphed acceptance of offer after they received the letter and it is confirmed in a letter posted on 15th of October. Meanwhile, on 8th of October, the defendants had written a letter to revoke their offer, and it came to plaintiffs on 20th of October. A binding contract was held, because revocation was only influenced by communication, however, the acceptance was telegraphed took effect as soon as it was sent. In this case, it took 9 days from 11th to 20th of October for plaintiffs to received revocation. On 11th of October, the contract had been made already at that time the second letter form defendants reached the plaintiffs. The contract had been existed in this case when the claimants accepted the defendants’ offer at that date. Lindley J, who was giving judgment for plaintiffs, stated that â€Å"the extreme injustice and inconvenience which other conclusion would produce† (Cheshire, Fifoot ; Furmston’sLaw of contract, 1996). This issue happened because the letter of revocation had no communication to the offeree. According to Introduction to the law of contract, the offer could be revoked by offeror without telling offeree, and the information may be conveyed by a reliable third party. In the case of business, a letter from offeror to offereeon a normal working day should be treated as a communication even if unopened (Cheshirem, Fifoot;Furmston’s Law of contract, 1996). Held: In this particular case, Lindle J had no authority in fact given by the plaintiffs to defendants to inform a withdrawal of their offer by posting the letter, the fact is the letter of the 8th of October is be treated as communicated to the plaintiffs on that day or any day before the 20th. Conclusion In conclusion, Ben has a legal binding contract with Andrew. According to the case of Andrew v Ben, it is noticeably seen that the whole cased is based on the law of contract. A contract may be defined as a legally binding agreement or, in the words of Sir Frederick Pollock:†A promise or set of promises which the law will enforce†. The agreement will create rights and obligations that may be enforced in the courts. It is classified as a contract is deed and it is known as a bilateral contract. This imply where a promise of one party is exchanged for a promise by the other. The exchange of promises is enough to render them both enforceable. Thus in a contract for the sale of goods, the buyer promises to pay the price and the seller promises to deliver the goods. The elements involved in the contract are agreement, consideration, intention to create legal relation and consent. A contract which possesses all these requirements is said to be valid. The absence of an essential element will render the contract void, voidable or unenforceable. The terms of the contract is Ben accepting 100 bags of potatoes for ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee from Andrew. If let say offerer (Andrew) accept the rejection of offeree (Ben) text message, the acceptance contract will be terminated. However, if offerer (Andrew) still deciding to supply the stock of potatoes to offeree (Ben), Ben would have to purchase the 100 bags of potatoes with ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee. On the other hand, if offeree (Ben) refuses to accept the 100 bags of potatoes with ? 0 per bag including delivery, offerer (Andrew) can sue offeree (Ben) for breach of contract. The probability of claimant (Andrew) could win the case is high as defendant (Ben) has proven accept the acceptance contract terms. In our opinion, this case study is related to offer and acceptance rules. The oferee (Ben) should accept the 100 bags of potatoes for ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee as offerer (Andrew) has an evidence of acceptance co ntract binding between Ben and Andrew. How to cite Law Case Study Wholesome Vegetables Ltd, Free Case study samples

Engage in Personal Development in Children and Young People’s Settings free essay sample

Engage in personal development in children and young people’s settings Being a Nursery worker involves a lot of hard work and dedication. We have many roles and responsibilities to follow to help provide a safe and careering environment for the children. They are as followed: * Welcoming the children and liaising with parents * Providing a safe and caring environment by doing safety checks, risk assessments * Weekly planning which is taken from a midterm plan to meet each child’s needs * Observations, Key-persons plans, 5 minute observations which all link with the plan to help each child’s development individually. Talking to and interacting with the children to stimulate their development * Providing meals and snacks and assisting them to eat, and also encouraging personal hygiene * Completing paperwork, children’s files and keeping records (storing them away safely) * Maintain the cleanliness amp; hygiene of the rooms, toilet facilities and toys (sterilizing weekly) * Working and communicating closely with other staff at the nursery showing good team work. We will write a custom essay sample on Engage in Personal Development in Children and Young People’s Settings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All staff are required to follow policies and procedures to make sure we comply with the various standards which help us provide the right care for the children. In our nursery we follow the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). We use this to help when recording children observations in their own personal folders, we also use this to monitor how the child’s development is progressing and whether they are on target for their age group or if they may need support in certain areas, we also use the EYFS to help when doing midterm plans and weekly plans. All childcare providers caring for children from birth to 5 must register with Ofsted on the Early Years Register (EYR). All providers on this register must deliver the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), which sets the standards for early learning, development and care. We are also expected to support children with learning or behavior disabilities and support children who are bilingual. Reflecting on our practices enables us to recognise where we are doing well and areas where improvement may be needed. This is important as it ensures we are performing to our best ability and also to ensure that we are meeting all standards and expectations within the nursery’s policies and procedures. We must reflect on our practices because every child is different, they have different needs, expectations and interests. When looking back over the week, staff can discuss where they feel there is room for improvement and this can help each child reach his/her maximum potential and goals. It also helps staff improve their practices as they update their knowledge and skills, they can do this by attending different training courses, talking with parents/carers and other colleagues. In our setting we demonstrate many ways of reflective practice. Once the weekly plan is done each day we closely observe the children to see the areas they did and didn’t enjoy, we do this by writing observations, observing a child for at least 5 minutes. At the end of the day staff are expected to evaluate the day and speak about things they felt could have been done better such as the layout of the room or how staff did a certain activity, all these things help improve staffs abilities. Weekly learning intentions are also set; staff should look back and discuss whether they felt the learning intentions were met. Staff can * question why things are done * be ready to look at ideas and then adapt them in work contrasting ways * observe and learn from the children * Be aware of and focus on issues. All these things can help a setting progress in many ways and help the development of the children. Having our own values, belief systems and experiences can affect our working practices. Everybody was brought up differently and follow different religions. This can show in the way staffs do daily things such as meal times, settling in and dealing with the children’s behaviour. If a person is brought up in a loving and affectionate environment its more likely that, that person is going to be the same way towards other, where as if a person was neglected as a child and not shown much affection they as a person may find it hard to show the feelings and be a caring person. Peoples religions may affect the way they behave in a work environment for example Muslim people do not eat pork so this may mean Muslim staff may not be able to serve children pork as it is against their religion. This is where staff work together to help each other out. If you have only worked in one child care setting you may not have a lot of experience and only know one way of working with children, this is why it is good to visit other settings to see different approaches and speak with different practitioners this helps us to avoid being narrow minded.

Responsible Tourism free essay sample

The growth of tourism across the world has been spectacular – in the last 10 years, tourism industry recorded a growth of over 10%, accounting for 10% of the world’s economic activity and is one of the main employment creating sectors. UNWTO is predicting over 1500 million international arrivals by 2020, over double the present level. UNEP and UNWTO have encouraged policy makers to adopt strategies, policies and tools of sustainable development. In summary, these are about strengthening the benefits through tourism while minimizing the costs. There is also the realization that tourism can play a role in addressing poverty, by bringing sources of income closer to some of the poorest communities. Governments have to play a leading role in the process of sustainability – as the authority of regulation, the body responsible for public assets and resources affected by tourism, and as policy makers. Kerala has recorded remarkable levels of growth in tourism arrivals in recent years. We will write a custom essay sample on Responsible Tourism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kerala recorded 6. million domestic tourists and 4. 28 foreign tourists arrival in the year 2006, the average annual growth in domestic tourists is more than 18 % over the past decade. The annual growth rate for foreign tourist arrivals is over 20%, and over 5% for domestic tourists. Government has recognized the potential of tourism to provide employment, to raise resources and to become a prominent economic sector in the state’s economy. Improvement in infrastructure, better air connectivity and innovative marketing has resulted in the boom in the tourism sector. The tourism industry in Kerala Kerala has about 300 hotels, with a room inventory of about 10,000 classified rooms. It is estimated that there would be another 10,000 rooms in the unclassified hotels, guest houses, homestays and other informal accommodation. It is to be noted that more than 80% of the room inventory is owned and operated by businesses which are locally owned. Kerala tourism is a suceess story in marketing chiefly because of the projection of a consistent brand image, innovative promotion strategies, positive perception of the overall environmental quality and safety and security of visitors. It is also the success of the private businesses that have delivered a quality of experience and service that has made the destination very popular. Lastly, the Department of Tourism (Kerala Tourism) has built up a productive partnership platform with the private sector in the marketing and promotion front resulting in an aggressive and sustained brand reinforcement and promotion effort. Kerala Tourism recognizes that sustainable tourism can go hand in hand with large volumes, and is not confined to a niche alone. The concerns of Kerala Tourism are : †¢Managing dynamic growth †¢Maximizing the contribution of tourism to local economic prosperity †¢Ensuring fair distribution of economic benefits locally, and harnessing tourism for poverty alleviation efforts †¢Human resource development to capture employment opportunity for local populations †¢Minimizing environmental impacts †¢Pursuing multi-stakeholder engagement Impacts and Concerns Alongside the rapid developments, there are also concerns about the negative impacts of tourism in the state. Prominent economic concerns are the minimal impact of the developments in the economic scenario of local populations, leakages, over dependency on tourism, restriction of employment for local population etc. Other aspects like environmental degradation due to unregulated development, loss of common property resources and pollution have also been highlighted. The Responsible Tourism Intitiative in Kerala Department of Tourism has decided to develop policies, strategies and plans for sustainable tourism. Accordingly, it was decided to adopt the guiding principles of responsible tourism, in economic, social and environmental spheres. A multi stakeholder, participatory approach was advocated to take the initiative forward. It was recognized that the first step to adopting the principles of Responsible Tourism will have to be an extensive consultative exercise, which would determine the contours of the overall strategy. The State RT Initiative was kicked off at the state level consultation. This paper proposes to detail the steps taken as part of the RT initiative, leading up to the formal inauguration of the programme. The issues and concerns of major stakeholder groups that emerged during the discussions are listed in detail, as these describe the perceptions and opinions about the tourism sector before the multi stakeholder engagement was initiated. State Consultation The objective of the consultative workshop was to engage all stakeholders in the formulation of a strategy and policies; and to ensure effective coordination of actions and an ongoing dialogue between stakeholders. The effort was to bring together diverse opinions and persons with knowledge and expertise, and to ensure the commitment of support and resources to a common, shared agenda. It was with this in view, the Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala decided to organise a state-level consultation on Responsibility in Tourism in association with the International Centre for Responsible Tourism. The two day workshop was attended by wide range of stakeholders including representatives from state government departments, local self governments (panchayats, municipalities and corporations), different segments of the tourism industry, civil society organisations, NGOs, academicians and media. The discussions were moderated by Prof. Harold Goodwin, from the International Centre for Responsible Tourism. The department’s partnering with an NGO with a track record of emphatic criticism of government policy and performance, to spearhead the initiative was met with surprise from many quarters. Both partners entered into this partnership expecting a great deal of flak for associating with the ‘other side’. However this was a well though out move – the credibility of the government in pushing for responsibility among a skeptical civil society that was waging a war against the ‘damage’ that tourism was inflicting on the environmental and socio economic fabric of the state was crucial for effective stakeholder engagement and collaborative action. From the point of view of the NGO this was perhaps the best opportunity to engage the government for developing sustainable frameworks and models that would address the negative impacts of tourism. For the industry this association would do good only if it helped generate greater good will and understanding locally about the opportunities that tourism provided for the local economy, and bring heightened value to the tourist experience which would, in turn fuel an increase in quality business. The programme had to bring the various stakeholders in the industry, the local government and the civil society together for a meaningful debate and agreement on areas of collaboration for responsibility. Keeping this in mind, the programme was divided into two – the introduction of the theme of Responsible tourism in the Kerala context and detailed thematic discussions. During the introductory presentation and discussions, there were presentations on the different perceptions of the impact of tourism industry, case studies and the development of a discussion framework. The second day was devoted to thematic discussions where the issues regarding economic, social and environmental sustainability were articulated and documented. For sub group discussions, the participants were categorized into three groups: 1. Local self governments Civil society organisations 2. Tourism Industry 3. State Government departments and organisations The undiluted perceptions in respect of issues faced by the industry, as well as those created on account of tourism activity were to be elicited from each stakeholder group. Each group was therefore asked to freely discuss on the issues related to economic, social and environment responsibility from their point of view. The views of each group are given below in some detail, as these bring out vividly the different perceptions of tourism. I. Local Self Governments Civil Society Organisations The issues identified by the group are summarised below: Economic †¢Opportunity costs are not taken into account while implementing tourism projects †¢Special Tourism Zones will bring in lot of inequalities and does not match with the concept of responsible tourism. The method of calculation of tourism statistics is not correct leading to wrong projects on infrastructure development †¢Importance is given only for foreign tourists †¢Expenditure pattern of tourists not monitored properly †¢The exact requirements of the tourism industry are not known locally †¢No involvement of panchayats in tourism projects †¢No tourism projects are reported in gramasabhas †¢Large amount of subsidies and incentives given to tourism industry †¢No bench mark data available for economic, social and environment aspects †¢Over dependence on tourism in some tourism destinations Local governments have been lax in assessment and collection of building tax and entertainment tax Social and Cultural. The local labourers are not given proper recognition and opportunities for employment †¢Labour standards are not maintained †¢Traditional jobs are lost †¢Low education standards in rural villages denies jobs †¢No consideration for people working in the informal sectors †¢Promoting art forms is not culture tourism †¢Commodification of art forms †¢Change in food habits of local community; promotes menu suiting foreigners †¢The dangers of sex tourism †¢Contradictions on State and panchayat Raj act not recognised.

Essay on BEN AND JERRY

Essay on BEN AND JERRY Essay on BEN AND JERRY BEN AND JERRY’S INTRODUCTION Ben and Jerry’s is an American Ice-cream company that manufactures ice cream novelty products, sorbets, frozen yogurt and ice cream. It is a division of Unilever an American-Dutch Company. It started in 1978 trading under the name Ben and Jerry’s Homemade Holding. It started by selling in an ice cream parlour in Vermont. By 1980, it expanded by packaging its ice cream in pints and selling to grocery stores. It continued to grow in operations, profits and income and by 2000 it was acquired by Unilever. This acquisition however, did not change anything as per operations and manufacturing of Ben and Jerry’s products. It still operates autonomously even with the founders names still on the ice cream. Ben and Jerry’s is also known for its commitment to using eco-friendly materials and ingredients in their ice cream and entire business activities and process. ICE CREAM AND FROZEN DESSERT MARKET SEGMENT IN AMERICA The ice cream and frozen desert market in America is a highly competitive and large one. Not one brand can claim a large significant domination of the market. However, Hagen-Dazs, Dreyer’s/Edy’s, BlueBell, Klondike, Blue Bunny, Klondike, Breyers and Drumsticks are Ben and Jerry’s closest competitors. With Hagen-Dazs, Dreyer’s/Edy’s, BlueBell controlling 9.2%, 8.9% and 6.4% respectively while Ben and Jerry’s controls 4.8% of the total market share (Euromonitor international, 2014). The Ice cream and frozen Desert market is estimated to be about $25 billion in America (Food Navigator, 2012). The ice cream market also competes against snack products like confectionaries, cookies and other sweet biscuits. This has even given rise to the introduction of confectionary branded ice creams such as Mars which combines both elements and ice cream with elements of cookies. These are still very much popular among ice cream lovers. Generally the market is into three major segments namely Premium brands, Standard brands and private labels. Premium brands compete on the basis of indulgent flavours, coating, topping or extras. For example Magnum ice cream bars boost the use of Belgian chocolates in its coatings. Premium branded ice creams have higher butter fat and are creamier in texture. According to a research by Research and Markets, These brands of ice cream are more preferred than other brands by 79.9%. Consumers are drawn towards premium and luxurious ice cream brands with nuts (e.g. almond, pistachio). Standard brands compete on the basis of affordability and wide availability. It still has variety of flavours, but not as rich in flavour or texture like the premium brands, it is also less creamy with lesser butter fat. The Private labels are the traditionally homemade ice creams. They engage the services of ice cream factories that have the capital, infrastructure and resources that these homemade makers do not have. Basically, it’s a co-packaging relationship that exists whereby the ice cream maker comes with their recipe and flavour and produces by leasing a factory for a period. Ben and Jerry’s compete in the premium brand segment. CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR The ice cream market is moving towards  ´premiunisation† (people tend to go more for the premium brands). Ice cream is usually consumed by people in all geographical segments, but those who reside in cosmopolitan cities like London, New York, Sydney tend to consume more ice cream than those in other areas. This is not only due to the fact that they have the purchasing means, but because people in these areas are always the first to try out new flavours and keep up with the trends. With higher disposable incomes and higher purchasing power, consumers most times buy ice cream as a reward to them and find themselves indulging their cravings. Sales of ice cream products are higher during summer. Initially people enjoyed visiting ice cream parlours to purchase and eat their ice cream, but now the take away is a huge of the consumer buying pattern.

Methods of Conserving the Ogallala Aquifer Research Paper

Methods of Conserving the Ogallala Aquifer - Research Paper Example There are arguments for and against the preservation of the Ogallala Aquifer system. For instance, Mr. Texas Panhandle, a farmer was successful in preventing the construction of a nuclear facility near the Aquifer system. Mr. Panhandle opposed the construction of the site, on the basis that it could lead to the destruction of the Ogallala Aquifer, through poisoning the water system. This event occurred during the periods of 1980s (Opie, 27). In 2008, the Trans Canada Corporation wanted to build a pipeline that will cross Athabasca oil sands to Houston, Texas (Guru et al, 31). This move created a lot of resistance from environmentalist, who argued that building an oil pipeline along the Aquifer system will make it vulnerable to pollution in case of an oil spill. However, a report by the United States department on environment denoted that the route by the Corporation, was economically, and environmentally feasible. The report therefore denoted that building a pipeline from Athabasca o il sands to Texas will not affect the Ogallala Aquifer in any manner. On the basis of this, this paper identifies and explains the best methods of conserving the Aquifer system, and its importance to the United States economy, and population. One of the methods of preserving the Aquifer system is to reduce the level of irrigation along the Aquifer system. It is estimated that 30% of water used to irrigate American lands, emanate from the Aquifer (Walton, 15). The effect of this is a reduction of the Aquifer’s water level, and this threatens its existence. The State and Federal government should look for other sources of water, for irrigation purposes. This includes engaging in rain water harvesting, and building boreholes to use for irrigation. Another method of conserving the Aquifer system is to limit the amount of fertilizers used in the irrigation firms (Ashworth, 21). This is because most farms use water that emanates from the system, and when they use fertilizers, it is highly possible that the remains will flow into the water system. This will cause pollution, making the water unsafe for human and animal consumption. Farmers also use insectides, and other house hold chemicals. It is important to find better ways of using the insecticides and chemicals (Wyatt et al, 32). There use must be in such a way, that it does not flow into the water system. After using them, it is important to dispose in an hazardous manner. By taking these measures a farmer will help in conserving the Aquifer system (Opie, 32). It is important for the Federal government and State government to to create policies and measures aimed at conserving the Aquifer. One such measure is to categorize it as an endangered system, and thereafter look for ways and means of preserving the Aquifer by involving the surrounding community. The Federal government should initiate laws, and policies whose aim is to preserve the Aquifer system. For example, the Federal and State government shoul d make it a crime, for anyone caught polluting the water system (Ashworth, 19). They should stipulate heavy penalties to discourage such practices. It is also important to involve industries and institutions in the conservation measures of the Aquifer system. This is because industries play a great role in the pollution of the underground water system. Industries use various chemicals that might pollute an underground water

Alternate Energy Engineering - Turbine Blades Research Paper

Alternate Energy Engineering - Turbine Blades - Research Paper Example Both the types of wind turbines have the different orientation of blades. For three blade design of either VAWT or HAWT, there is a 120o angular difference between the blades. For two blade design, the angular difference between the blades is 180o and for four-blade design, the angular difference between the blades is 90o. Importance of turbine bladesTurbine blades are the most important part of the wind turbine. Conventionally turbine blades are manufactured with tensile metals which are then reinforced with ceramics, other metals, fiberglass or then some materials to enhance the durability of the blades and reduce the metallic characteristics of fatigue, rupture, and corrosion (Quarton, 6). Turbine blades collect the kinetic energy of wind and transform it into mechanical energy by reacting against the kinetic energy of the wind. The energy transferred from the wind is directly proportional to the speed of the wind. On the other hand, the reacting surface area of the wind turbine b lades also matters a lot. On the other hand, it is important to design the turbine blades in the manner that they produce no hurdle in transferring energy from the wind to the rotor. A wind turbine may have multiple turbine blades but wind turbine should have at least two turbine blades that should be properly balanced with respect to each other and with respect to the rotor of the wind turbine. Any imperfection in the wind turbine blades results in effective power loss and rupturing with continuous use.

Maroon Societies in Colonial Brazil Research Paper

Maroon Societies in Colonial Brazil - Research Paper Example This means that they wanted to have their own social, political, religious, and economic organization. It should be noted that once slaves had been recruited by their masters, there was no definite time they would be freed. This means that they were certain of staying in their slavery in their entire lives. However, from the beginning of 1500s, slaves started looking for ways of forming their own free society. It was during this time that the Maroon society came into existence. In this paper, an in-depth outlook on the Maroon society of Brazil will be considered. The considerations will involve a detailed outlook of literature review dealing with the foundation of the community while looking at the political, religious and military aspects of the community. The term Maroon, also Quilombo is used to denote a group of Runways slaves in American. As a result, the runway slaves later came to form a society that is referred to as Maroon. The formation of the Maroon society is an important feature in the history of the world because the society enables the contemporary world to grasp the history of slave trade that begun towards the end of 1400 and ended in 1888. The term Maroon is derived from Spanish word ‘cimarron’ meaning feral cattle. The term was later used on runaway slaves because they were slaves that could no longer be tamed. The societies of Maroon were common in Brazil and Caribbean. The North America and other parts of South America were occupied by the Maroon. The Maroon society posed a serous threat to the organization of slave trade and also to slave owners. Their presence and organization meant that it would not be easy to have slaves for their usual purposes or for trading functions. On the other hand, the maroon society was a relief to slaves. It marked a sign of relief, hope and emancipation from their slavery. Currently, the Maroon community is not known by the term Quilombo. Instead, the community is currently termed as Mocambos. Th e Maroon community had myriads of societies that settled in Brazil. One of the most dominant communities in Brazil was Palmares, also called the palm nation1. This community was formed in early 17th century. The Palmares was well-organized politicaly, socially, and economically. Just like other communities, it was ruled by a king called Zumbi. This community existed for over a decade until it was conquered by the Portuguese. History of the Formation Process of the Maroon Societies As early as 1552, Brazil was practicing slavery in its administration and legal institution. During this time, Brazil was had a large demand for labor for its sugar and tobacco plantations. As a result, the demand for slaves from Africa increased. More slaves were taken from Africa to Brazil. During the period between 1570 and 1670, slavery was at its peak in Brazil. At the same time, brutality was at its peak in the slavery industry. Slaves were beaten, given impossible quotas to meet, and subjected to po or and abusive working and living conditions2. Given these conditions, slaves were forced to look for an escape route from their conditions. Following the harsh slavery conditions, slaves started escaping from the firms in Brazil and forming their own settlements. Despite the escape, slave owners, such Freidrich Won Weech, saw their escape attempts as another process of initiating into a new form of slavery. This is because as soon as they escaped, they were pursued and caught and thereafter subjected to some worse kind of

Systems Development Life Cycle

Systems Development Life Cycle Introduction SDLC, The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Hence an array of system development life cycle (SDLC) models has been created: Fountain, Spiral, rapid prototyping, synchronize and stabilize and Incremental. Although in the academic sense, SDLC can be used to refer to various processes followed during the development of software, SDLC is typically used to refer to the oldest of the traditional models a waterfall methodology. Software Engineering Process The SDLC supports a list of important phases that are essential for developers, such as planning, analysis, design, and implementation, and are explained more in detail later in this report. Traditionally the waterfall model was regarded as the original: which adhered to a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage became the input for the next. No definitive models exist, but the steps can be describe and divided as follows: Project planning, feasibility study, Initiation: A feasibility study is a quick examination of the problems, goals and expected cost of the system. Projects are usually evaluated in three areas of feasibility: economical, operational, and technical. In addition, it is also used as a guide to keep the project on track and to evaluate the progress of project (Post Anderson, 2006). Thus the goal of the feasibility studies is to evaluate alternative systems solutions and to propose the most feasible and desirable business application for development, (Obrien Marakas, 2006) states that the feasibility of a proposed business system can be evaluated in four major categories Organizational Feasibility: An illustration of how a business supports the strategic business priorities of the organization. Economic feasibility: Identifies whether expected cost savings, increase revenue, increase profits and reductions in required investments will exceed the cost of developing and operating a proposed system. Technical feasibility: can be demonstrated if reliable hardware and software capable of meeting the needs of a proposed systems can be acquired or developed by the business in the required time. Operational feasibility: can be measured by the ability and willingness of management, employees, customers, suppliers and others to operate, use, and support a proposed system. for example if Tescos was to change its software platform at the tills to something entirely different, employees may begin to make to many errors and find ways around using it or just all together quite, thus it will fail to show operational feasibility. Requirements gathering and Systems Analysis: (Hawrzyszkiewycz 2004) This step defines the proposed business solutions and any new or changed businesses processes. The goal at this stage is to find any problems and attempt to fix the system or improve its productivity and efficiency. The technique here is to break the system into smaller pieces as it is easier to be explained to others and can be split up amongst different development team. A draw back of this though is that it takes time and effort to reintegrate all of the pieces (Post Anderson, 2006). Systems design: Functions and operations are described in detail during the design stage, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams and other documentation. The output of this stage will be to describe the new system as a collection of modules or subsystems. (Hawrzyszkiewycx 2004) states that system designs is a two step process, Broad design: which indentifies the main architecture of the proposed system which may include the language use to develop the databases, network configurations, software requirements and whether programs are to be developed using internal programmers or external contractors. Detailed design: only after the design phase is completed the detailed design phase can be initiated, during this phase the database and program modules are design and detailed user and system interaction procedures and protocols are documented. Build: Software developers may install (or modify and then install) purchased software or they may write new or custom design programs (Senn 1989). Just like the design phase, this phase is broken up into two separate sub phases, development and implementation. During the implementation phase the components built during the development are put into operational use. Usually this means that the new and old systems run parallel until users are trained in system operations and existing processes converted to the new system. (Hawrzyszkiewycz 2004) Testing: During the integration and test stage, the software artefacts, online help, and test data are migrated from the development environment to a separate test environment. At this point, all test cases are run to verify the correctness and completeness of the software. Successful execution of the test suite confirms a robust and complete migration capability. In addition, reference data is finalized for production use and production users are identified and linked to their appropriate roles. The final reference data (or links to reference data source files) and production user list are compiled into the Production Initiation Plan and the system is used experimentally to ensure that the software does not fail, also the code is tested iteratively at each level (Senn 1989). Installation, Implementation and Deployment: Implementation is a vital step in the deployment of information technology to support employees, customers, and other business stakeholders, the system implementation stage involves hardware and software acquisition, software development, testing of programs and procedures, conversion of data resources and additionally involves the educating and training of end users and specialist who will operate the new system. All together this is the final stage where the project is finally used by the business (Obrien Marakas, 2006). Maintenance: Once a system is fully implemented and is being used in business operation, the maintenance function begins; this involves the life of the system which may include changes and enhancements before its decommissioning. (Obrien Marakas, 2006) states that the maintenance activity includes a post implementation review process to ensure that newly implemented systems meet the business objectives establish for them. (Hawrzyszkiewycx (2004) supports the argument that maintenance is required to eliminate errors in the system during its working life and to improve the system in the light of changes by monitoring, evaluating and modifying operational business systems to make desirable or necessary improvements. Evaluation and Reason for Adopting SDLC for a small Pc Application The adoption of the SDLC for the development of a small application on a pc will not be appropriate because the SDLC is just what is says it is the Life Cycle of the system software. The SDLC is a process use to manage time and resources on a project, from the identification of a need for the system Initiation) to rolling it out to the user (Implementation) to de-supporting or no longer needing it (Disposition), Each phase of the SDLC requires documentation, reporting, and approval. This assures that a project cannot get out of hand either by changing the direction or becoming a financial black hole and the project sponsors are aware at every step of exactly what is going on as it is documented. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that the development of a small application on a pc does not require the adoption of the SDLC model whereas a large systems which have teams of architects, analysts, programmers, testers and users must work together to create the millions of lines of cust om-written code that drive enterprises today, will without a doubt need to adopt an SDLC solution to manage the resources of such a project. Evaluation Of the Traditional SDLC Strengths Limitations The Waterfall Model The waterfall model is the most classical sequential life cycle; each phase must be completed in its entirety before the next phase can begin. (Post Anderson, 2006) states that one advantage of the SDLC is the formality aspect which makes it easier to train employees and to evaluate the progress of the development as well as ensuring that steps are not skip, such as user approval, documentation and testing. In addition with eighty percent of MIS resources spent of maintenance, adhering to standards whilst building the system makes it easier to modify and maintain in the future because of the documentation generated and the sustain consistency, however the formality of the SDLC approach can be problematic as it increases the cost of development and lengthens the development time (Post Anderson, 2006) The formality of the SDLC method also causes problems with projects that are hard to defined, unlike newer methods like Agile which helps software development teams to respond to the unpredictability of building software through incremental, iterative work cadences, known as sprints (Cohn, Mike 2006). Agile Methods aim at allowing organizations to deliver quickly, change quickly and change often. While, agile techniques vary in practice and emphasis, they share common characteristics, including iterative development and a focus on inter-action and communication. Maintaining regularity allows development teams to adapt rapidly to changing requirements, and working in close proximity, focusing on communication, means teams can make decisions and act on them immediately, rather than wait on correspondence. It is also important to reduce non-value adding intermediate artefacts to allow more resources to be devoted to product development for early completion. The SDLC however works best if the entire system can be accurately specified in the beginning. That is, users should know what the system should do long before the system is created. (Post Anderson, 2006) further explains that because of the rigidity of the SDLC, the development of more modern applications are difficult, hence the combination of existing SDLC models and the creation of other alternatives models and methodologies are adopted as outlined later in this paper. Advantages Easier to use. Easier to manage because of rigidity Phases are completed at specific phase intervals Requirements are very well understood. Disadvantages scope adjustment during the life cycle can kill a project Working software is not produced until the life cycle is complete. Not suited for long and ongoing projects. In appropriate where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing Alternative development mythologies One management advantage of the traditional SDLC method is the sequential series of tasks; on the other hand using the traditional SDLC has many drawbacks. For example, when adopting a traditional SDLC methodology, the rigid chain of phases may subsequently make it impossible for developers to improved ways to provide functional requirements as the project is being built, which results in the designers redoing their work. Instead programmers should be involved in the planning and design phases, so that they may be able to identify improvements much earlier in the process, thus enhancing the effectiveness of project activities, (FFIEC IT Handbook (2009). Development solutions such as iterative and Rapid prototyping address many of the shortcomings of a traditional SDLC. And a brief description of two the newer methodologies are outlined below along with some advantages and disadvantages for comparison purposes. Agile Development Model Agile software development is a conceptual framework for undertaking software engineering projects. Agile methods attempt to minimize risk and maximize productivity by developing software in short iterations and de-emphasizing work on secondary or interim work artefacts. The key differences between agile and traditional methodologies are as follows: Development is incremental rather than sequential. People and interactions are emphasized. Working software is the priority rather than detailed documentation. Customer collaboration is used, rather than contract negotiation. Responding to change is emphasized, rather than extensive planning. Rapid Prototyping model Rapid prototyping is a process for creating a realistic model of a products user interface (Najjar, L. J. (1990) ,Using rapid prototyping, you model the look and feel of the user interface without investing the time and labour required to write actual code (Najjar, L. J. (1990). Advantages Saves time and money Promotes consistency in user interface design Allows early customer involvement Reduces time required to create a product functional specification Disadvantages Usually does not produce reusable code Lacks an obvious stopping point Conclusion It can be seen from the above comparison that differing philosophies can produce radically different views of a system. Nevertheless, both the Traditional SDLC and the alternatives produce valid working systems as well as their share in drawbacks The one size fits all approach to applying SDLC methodologies is no longer appropriate. Each SDLC methodology is only effective under specific conditions. (Traditional SDLC methodologies are often regarded as the proper and disciplined approach to the analysis and design of software applications but the drawback is that it takes a considerable amount of time and all of the system details have to be specified upfront. Methodologies like Rapid Prototyping alternatively are a compromise of rigidity and no rigidity. These new hybrid methods were created to bridge the gap with the evolution of more modern application developments requirements. Newer the less methodologies like Agile are most appropriate when volatility and uncertainty exist in the development requirements, and the SDLC is good when the requirements are already defined. Bibliography Najjar, L. J. (1990). Rapid prototyping (TR 52.0020). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation. http://www.lawrence-najjar.com/papers/Rapid_prototyping.html FFIEC IT Handbook (2009). Alternative development methodologies http://www.ffiec.gov/ffiecinfobase/booklets/d_a/02.html Senn James A. (1989), Analysis Design of Information Systems, Introduction to Information Systems, pg27 32 Ch1 McGraw-Hill Co- Singapore Post. G Anderson. D (2006), Management Information Systems, Organizing Business Solutions, pg 448 459 Ch 4 McGraw-Hill Co- New York Igor Hawryszkiewycz. (1998), Introduction to System Analysis Design, The Development Process, pg120 136 Ch 7 Prentice Hall- Australia Obrien A. O Marakas .M. (1989), Management Information Systems, Introduction to Information Systems, pg27 32 Ch1 McGraw-Hill Co- Singapore Systems development life cycle Systems development life cycle 1. Introduction SDLC, The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Hence an array of system development life cycle (SDLC) models has been created: Fountain, Spiral, rapid prototyping, synchronize and stabilize and Incremental. Although in the academic sense, SDLC can be used to refer to various processes followed during the development of software, SDLC is typically used to refer to the oldest of the traditional models a waterfall methodology. 2. Software Engineering Process The SDLC supports a list of important phases that are essential for developers, such as planning, analysis, design, and implementation, and are explained more in detail later in this report. Traditionally the waterfall model was regarded as the original: which adhered to a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage became the input for the next. No definitive models exist, but the steps can be describe and divided as follows: †¢ Project planning, feasibility study, Initiation: A feasibility study is a quick examination of the problems, goals and expected cost of the system. Projects are usually evaluated in three areas of feasibility: economical, operational, and technical. In addition, it is also used as a guide to keep the project on track and to evaluate the progress of project (Post Anderson, 2006). Thus the goal of the feasibility studies is to evaluate alternative systems solutions and to propose the most feasible and desirable business application for development, (Obrien Marakas, 2006) states that the feasibility of a proposed business system can be evaluated in four major categories Organizational Feasibility: An illustration of how a business supports the strategic business priorities of the organization. Economic feasibility: Identifies whether expected cost savings, increase revenue, increase profits and reductions in required investments will exceed the cost of developing and operating a proposed system. Technical feasibility: can be demonstrated if reliable hardware and software capable of meeting the needs of a proposed systems can be acquired or developed by the business in the required time. Operational feasibility: can be measured by the ability and willingness of management, employees, customers, suppliers and others to operate, use, and support a proposed system. for example if Tescos was to change its software platform at the tills to something entirely different, employees may begin to make to many errors and find ways around using it or just all together quite, thus it will fail to show operational feasibility. †¢ Requirements gathering and Systems Analysis: (Hawrzyszkiewycz 2004) This step defines the proposed business solutions and any new or changed businesses processes. The goal at this stage is to find any problems and attempt to fix the system or improve its productivity and efficiency. The technique here is to break the system into smaller pieces as it is easier to be explained to others and can be split up amongst different development team. A draw back of this though is that it takes time and effort to reintegrate all of the pieces (Post Anderson, 2006). †¢ Systems design: Functions and operations are described in detail during the design stage, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams and other documentation. The output of this stage will be to describe the new system as a collection of modules or subsystems. (Hawrzyszkiewycx 2004) states that system designs is a two step process, Broad design: which indentifies the main architecture of the proposed system which may include the language use to develop the databases, network configurations, software requirements and whether programs are to be developed using internal programmers or external contractors. Detailed design: only after the design phase is completed the detailed design phase can be initiated, during this phase the database and program modules are design and detailed user and system interaction procedures and protocols are documented. †¢ Build: Software developers may install (or modify and then install) purchased software or they may write new or custom design programs (Senn 1989). Just like the design phase, this phase is broken up into two separate sub phases, development and implementation. During the implementation phase the components built during the development are put into operational use. Usually this means that the new and old systems run parallel until users are trained in system operations and existing processes converted to the new system. (Hawrzyszkiewycz 2004) †¢ Testing: During the integration and test stage, the software artefacts, online help, and test data are migrated from the development environment to a separate test environment. At this point, all test cases are run to verify the correctness and completeness of the software. Successful execution of the test suite confirms a robust and complete migration capability. In addition, reference data is finalized for production use and production users are identified and linked to their appropriate roles. The final reference data (or links to reference data source files) and production user list are compiled into the Production Initiation Plan and the system is used experimentally to ensure that the software does not fail, also the code is tested iteratively at each level (Senn 1989). †¢ Installation, Implementation and Deployment: Implementation is a vital step in the deployment of information technology to support employees, customers, and other business stakeholders, the system implementation stage involves hardware and software acquisition, software development, testing of programs and procedures, conversion of data resources and additionally involves the educating and training of end users and specialist who will operate the new system. All together this is the final stage where the project is finally used by the business (Obrien Marakas, 2006). †¢ Maintenance: Once a system is fully implemented and is being used in business operation, the maintenance function begins; this involves the life of the system which may include changes and enhancements before its decommissioning. (Obrien Marakas, 2006) states that the maintenance activity includes a post implementation review process to ensure that newly implemented systems meet the business objectives establish for them. (Hawrzyszkiewycx (2004) supports the argument that maintenance is required to eliminate errors in the system during its working life and to improve the system in the light of changes by monitoring, evaluating and modifying operational business systems to make desirable or necessary improvements. 3. Evaluation and Reason for Adopting SDLC for a small Pc Application The adoption of the SDLC for the development of a small application on a pc will not be appropriate because the SDLC is just what is says it is the Life Cycle of the system software. The SDLC is a process use to manage time and resources on a project, from the identification of a need for the system Initiation) to rolling it out to the user (Implementation) to de-supporting or no longer needing it (Disposition), Each phase of the SDLC requires documentation, reporting, and approval. This assures that a project cannot get out of hand either by changing the direction or becoming a financial black hole and the project sponsors are aware at every step of exactly what is going on as it is documented. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that the development of a small application on a pc does not require the adoption of the SDLC model whereas a large systems which have teams of architects, analysts, programmers, testers and users must work together to create the millions of lines of cust om-written code that drive enterprises today, will without a doubt need to adopt an SDLC solution to manage the resources of such a project. 4. Evaluation Of the Traditional SDLC Strengths Limitations The Waterfall Model The waterfall model is the most classical sequential life cycle; each phase must be completed in its entirety before the next phase can begin. (Post Anderson, 2006) states that one advantage of the SDLC is the formality aspect which makes it easier to train employees and to evaluate the progress of the development as well as ensuring that steps are not skip, such as user approval, documentation and testing. In addition with eighty percent of MIS resources spent of maintenance, adhering to standards whilst building the system makes it easier to modify and maintain in the future because of the documentation generated and the sustain consistency, however the formality of the SDLC approach can be problematic as it increases the cost of development and lengthens the development time (Post Anderson, 2006) The formality of the SDLC method also causes problems with projects that are hard to defined, unlike newer methods like Agile which helps software development teams to respond to the unpredictability of building software through incremental, iterative work cadences, known as sprints (Cohn, Mike 2006). Agile Methods aim at allowing organizations to deliver quickly, change quickly and change often. While, agile techniques vary in practice and emphasis, they share common characteristics, including iterative development and a focus on inter-action and communication. Maintaining regularity allows development teams to adapt rapidly to changing requirements, and working in close proximity, focusing on communication, means teams can make decisions and act on them immediately, rather than wait on correspondence. It is also important to reduce non-value adding intermediate artefacts to allow more resources to be devoted to product development for early completion. The SDLC however works best if the entire system can be accurately specified in the beginning. That is, users should know what the system should do long before the system is created. (Post Anderson, 2006) further explains that because of the rigidity of the SDLC, the development of more modern applications are difficult, hence the combination of existing SDLC models and the creation of other alternatives models and methodologies are adopted as outlined later in this paper. Advantages Easier to use. Easier to manage because of rigidity Phases are completed at specific phase intervals Requirements are very well understood. Disadvantages scope adjustment during the life cycle can kill a project Working software is not produced until the life cycle is complete. Not suited for long and ongoing projects. In appropriate where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing Alternative development mythologies One management advantage of the traditional SDLC method is the sequential series of tasks; on the other hand using the traditional SDLC has many drawbacks. For example, when adopting a traditional SDLC methodology, the rigid chain of phases may subsequently make it impossible for developers to improved ways to provide functional requirements as the project is being built, which results in the designers redoing their work. Instead programmers should be involved in the planning and design phases, so that they may be able to identify improvements much earlier in the process, thus enhancing the effectiveness of project activities, (FFIEC IT Handbook (2009). Development solutions such as iterative and Rapid prototyping address many of the shortcomings of a traditional SDLC. And a brief description of two the newer methodologies are outlined below along with some advantages and disadvantages for comparison purposes. Agile Development Model Agile software development is a conceptual framework for undertaking software engineering projects. Agile methods attempt to minimize risk and maximize productivity by developing software in short iterations and de-emphasizing work on secondary or interim work artefacts. The key differences between agile and traditional methodologies are as follows: Development is incremental rather than sequential. People and interactions are emphasized. Working software is the priority rather than detailed documentation. Customer collaboration is used, rather than contract negotiation. Responding to change is emphasized, rather than extensive planning. Rapid Prototyping model Rapid prototyping is a process for creating a realistic model of a products user interface (Najjar, L. J. (1990) ,Using rapid prototyping, you model the look and feel of the user interface without investing the time and labour required to write actual code (Najjar, L. J. (1990). Advantages Saves time and money Promotes consistency in user interface design Allows early customer involvement Reduces time required to create a product functional specification Disadvantages Usually does not produce reusable code Lacks an obvious stopping point 5. Conclusion It can be seen from the above comparison that differing philosophies can produce radically different views of a system. Nevertheless, both the Traditional SDLC and the alternatives produce valid working systems as well as their share in drawbacks The one size fits all approach to applying SDLC methodologies is no longer appropriate. Each SDLC methodology is only effective under specific conditions. (Traditional SDLC methodologies are often regarded as the proper and disciplined approach to the analysis and design of software applications but the drawback is that it takes a considerable amount of time and all of the system details have to be specified upfront. Methodologies like Rapid Prototyping alternatively are a compromise of rigidity and no rigidity. These new hybrid methods were created to bridge the gap with the evolution of more modern application developments requirements. Newer the less methodologies like Agile are most appropriate when volatility and uncertainty exist in the development requirements, and the SDLC is good when the requirements are already defined. 6. Bibliography Najjar, L. J. (1990). Rapid prototyping (TR 52.0020). Atlanta, GA: IBM Corporation. http://www.lawrence-najjar.com/papers/Rapid_prototyping.html FFIEC IT Handbook (2009). Alternative development methodologies http://www.ffiec.gov/ffiecinfobase/booklets/d_a/02.html Senn James A. (1989), Analysis Design of Information Systems, Introduction to Information Systems, pg27 32 Ch1 McGraw-Hill Co- Singapore Post. G Anderson. D (2006), Management Information Systems, Organizing Business Solutions, pg 448 459 Ch 4 McGraw-Hill Co- New York Igor Hawryszkiewycz. (1998), Introduction to System Analysis Design, The Development Process, pg120 136 Ch 7 Prentice Hall- Australia Obrien A. O Marakas .M. (1989), Management Information Systems, Introduction to Information Systems, pg27 32 Ch1 McGraw-Hill Co- Singapore

Dramatic Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essay -- Oedipus King Oe

Dramatic Irony in Sophocles' Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a Greek tragedy written by Sophocles.   Sophocles knowing that his audience is aware of the outcome of the play utilizes that knowledge to create various situations in which dramatic irony play key roles.   Dramatic irony is when the audience knows the tragic truth before the characters do.   Through his use of irony Sophocles manages to avoid   retelling an old tale, though the audience is cognizant of the story's end they are intrigued by the irony present in the story.   Sophocles made liberal use of irony. By doing this he tantalized the viewer into wanting to see how the events that occurred later would mentally affect the main character, in this case Oedipus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus is self-confident, intelligent, and strong willed. Ironically these are the very traits which bring about his tragic discovery.   Because of these traits Oedipus was able to solve the riddle given... ... attempted to show examples of dramatic irony and how they apply to the story line in the play.   I thoroughly enjoyed "Oedipus the King" due to the style Sophocles used and because I normally enjoy tragedies such as this.   I believe tragedies cause one to question every aspect of life which would explain why many of the plays were written in this time frame.   This play held up to it's expectations and I look forward to seeing more dramatic irony in this form in the future.

Effective Diversity strategic management Essay

When the two important and big companies merge takes place it is necessary to understand the level of conflicts that will arise. So to avoid the conflicts its necessary that they companies create a diverse atmosphere for all the workers. Mapfre is a Spanish insurance company which is based in Majadahonda, Madrid. The name comes from the old mutual origin of the company (but the company now only refers to itself as MAPFRE. It is the leading insurance company in Spain and the largest non-life insurance company in Latin America. The company purchased Webster, Massachusetts-based Commerce Insurance Group, a major provider of motor insurance, for over â‚ ¬1.5 billion in October 2007.MAPFRE was listed in the Fortune Global 500 list on its 2008 edition. Rafael Nadal is officially sponsored by the company. The IT field person explained he is undergoing different kinds of racial discrimination’s so due to which he is not able to grow and develop himself fully in the company. The que stions that I would like to ask in the interview are:- 1) That how does the IT person will tackle culture difference in MAPFRE 2) Any way he would like to bridge the gap 3) Or he would like to be quite with everyone so as to increase the differences? 4) Will cultural difference impact his working 5) How will he try to adapt in this new culture While taking the interview of the person I understood the company basically lacks the diversity in the work place criteria, (Harvey, Carol P., 2012). Diversity in the work place means that there are many types of groups to which the employees belong and these groups are not limited to things age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, wedded status, armed experience, parental status, religious attitude, work knowledge, and job organization. A primary goal of  analyzing diversity in my workplace is to check the strengths, identify all the weakness and maximize the most value for human capital as well. As I work in a bar the most there important strength on which their diversity depends is the kind of ambiance and services they provide. The ideal way to judge diversity in our bar is to have looked at the employees, looking at potential customers and setting the place according to them (Mayhew, , 2009). Effective Diversity strategic management can be created for our bar by contributing to achieve its set goals and targets effectively. The bar tenders are to proper trained, and reduction in employee dissatisfaction. If there will be diversification in the work force than there will reduction in an employer’s risk for discrimination or other kind of harassment lawsuits. The bar mangers should make programs so as to attract, recruit and have programs from different back grounds, cultures, companies etc so as to increase the production and creation of innovative solutions so as to meet all the different challenges of bars. Having different people together will create a positive atmosphere and many more customers will be attracted towards the bar. Making proper communication among the employees and motivating them to give their best will also help in developing diversity in the work place (Mayhew, , 2009). Having effective strategic managers recognize the capability to work in a global market. The workers must be able to feel that they are working in a safe and productive environment. The managers must take proper steps so as to establish business conduct and makes and regulations so that they don’t face any kind of harassment or any kind of discrimination. The management needs to act more constantly and moderately so that the employees learn from them and become more loyal , committed and focused towards their jobs.bar is a kind of place where different types of people come , some people who can create fuss for small things which can hamper the working atmosphere for the bar . So to avoid all this its necessary that management keep proper security etc so that proper peace in the working place is maintained. Thus by doing the above mentioned there can be proper diversity in the bar and  all the employees will be more dedicated towards their work. The organizational responsibility within any organization is to keep the environment clean and healthy. They should not use such things which have effect on the community services and degrade the society, (Harvey, Carol P., 2012). The company should follow the corporate social responsibility which aims to see the company actions and also encourage a positive impact on the activities of environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders etc. it’s the duty of the organizations it operated directly with people who are affected by the business activities. An organization main responsibility is to support the public interests or have minimized the negative impact on the surroundings of ht community as well. An organizations become responsible to the community can promote the charitable acts by the employees and also minimize the risk of pollution as well. The individual Responsibility within a community is that he should be complete in control regarding his actions and deeds taking place in the community. He should keep the environment clean and friendly so that his nearby surrounding are effected and the community over all becomes a better place to live in. thus the individual responsibility is to check his actions whereas the organizations responsibility to take care of all the things which are effecting the environment due to them. The project manager is the one who should be able to control and see what the areas that tend to see the conflicts are arises. The first task for the project manager is to understand himself that what project planning is needed. He needs to make the process of change information which will be distributed and interested by the staff in many ways, (Harvey, Carol P., 2012). In this process there will be importance in managing the expectations and also dealing with the confusions which people will have regarding the new work. He will need to understand that what policies and procedures are to be change. The employees are not responsible to manage the changes , the employees responsibility and for which there are different for all the persons depends n the variety of factors like health,  maturity, stability, experience, personality, motivation, etc. the responsibility for managing the change in any processes which are made in the organization. The manger has the responsibility to make and facilitate and enable changes which are applied within the statements and which are needed to understand the situation (ric k, 2011). The change management is only possible when there are proper measurements which are to be considered in the planning of change and before any actions which are to be undertaken, (Harvey, Carol P., 2012). it will be completely successful when the change management plan helps to motivate the employees so as to perform their desired new activities. There should be measurement of the work which helps to provide the guidance towards goal achievement of the firm. In this case installation of a new company-wide computer system, but also the implementation of new processes is the current goal for the project managers. There are many types of conflicts which arise in the organizations. When there are managerial expectations than there tends to arise conflicts. It’s the job of the employees so as to meet the expectation are to be misunderstood, conflicts which can arise, (Harvey, Carol P., 2012). Managers need to make more communication with their goals to employees and also than which there confirming the goals in writing. A manger should be also to encourage her employees so as to ask the questions regarding the goals and also the regular meetings of the goals and also how to best so as to reach them. If the department requires information from the department in order to complete a job than the other department must respond to the request for the information, (Cox, Jr., Taylor, 1991).Some interdepartmental also disagree regarding the non responsive attitude which creates problems only. Another way of creating this sort of conflicts are to give a circular response which are to be under the review. When the people of departments are very late in responding to the request than there could be problems in the organizations so to avoid this communication is very necessary , (Harvey, Carol P., 2012). REFERENCES:- Mayhew, , R. (2009). How to analyze diversity in the workplace. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/ rick, T. (2011). change managment. Retrieved from http://www.torbenrick.eu/ Harvey, Carol P. (2012). Understanding and Managing Diversity. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. pp. 51–55. ISBN 0-13-255311-2. Cox, Jr., Taylor (1991). â€Å"The Multicultural Organization†. Academy of Management Executive, 5(2), 34-47.